EXPLORING THE INTEGRATION OF MODERN PORTFOLIO THEORY AND PLANNING THEORY TO OPTIMIZE ALTERNATIVE FINANCING FOR AGRIBUSINESS TECHNOLOGICAL PROJECTS IN THE TUBAH MUNICIPALITY, NORTHWEST REGION, CAMEROON

Abstract

This paper explores the integration of Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) and Planning Theory to optimize alternative financing for agribusiness technological projects in the Tubah Municipality, Northwest Region, Cameroon. This study adopts a qualitative multisite case study methodology to explore how entrepreneurs navigate these challenges through the nexus of MPT and Planning Theory. The combination of MPT and Planning Theory offers a robust framework for addressing the financing challenges in Tubah Municipality. It encourages a proactive approach to financing, where entrepreneurs are equipped with the tools and knowledge to navigate the complexities of the financial landscapehttps://dummy-citation.com/citation?d=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%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. Using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 20 key informants, data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify patterns in risk perception and financial strategy https://dummy-citation.com/citation?d=[{"origin":6,"work":{"tally":{"citedByCount":0,"referencedWorksCount":32},"ids":{"openalex":"W4416415430","doi":"10.1016/j.plas.2025.100206","isbn":[],"issn":["2666-7215"]},"publisherInfo":{"name":"Elsevier BV"},"accessedDate":"2026-02","containerInfo":{"title":"Project Leadership and Society","impactFactor":"4.37","authors":[]},"resourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2025.100206","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2025.100206","containerLocator":{"pageRange":{"lastPage":100206,"firstPage":100206}},"type":8,"abstract":"Sustaining the benefits of donor-funded agribusiness projects remains a persistent challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Cameroon, where rice production plays a strategic role in food security and rural development. This study draws on stakeholder theory, resource-based view, and resource-dependence theory to develop a conceptual framework guiding the analysis of stakeholder resource mobilisation and project sustainability. The framework is used to examine donor-funded rice agribusiness projects in Cameroon and to generate practical insights for strengthening stakeholder governance and resource mobilisation in similar settings. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining survey data from 580 respondents with 20 key informant interviews and document analysis to capture both breadth and depth of evidence. Findings reveal that human, land, and technical resources are the most significant predictors of sustainability, while financial and institutional resources show weaker influence due to governance and coordination gaps. Stakeholder coordination emerged as a critical mechanism for aligning resource mobilization with project goals, reducing dependency on donor funding, and strengthening continuity beyond project closure. The study contributes to project management and development literature by highlighting the importance of early investment in participatory planning, inclusive stakeholder platforms, and decentralized governance systems that enable resource pooling and institutional resilience. Practical recommendations are offered for policymakers, donors, and project managers seeking to enhance the long-term viability of agribusiness projects in resource-constrained contexts. • Examines stakeholder resource mobilization and project sustainability in Cameroon. • Integrates stakeholder, resource mobilization, and resource-based theories. • Uses mixed-methods design combining surveys, interviews, and documents. • Identifies human, land, and technical resources as key sustainability drivers.","contributors":[{"name":{"family":"Ngochemmbo","given":"Gaston Gwemelang"},"role":0},{"name":{"family":"Tanka","given":"Vershiyi Deric"},"role":0},{"role":0,"name":{"given":"Nelson Nangu","family":"Feh"}},{"name":{"given":"Roland Kounwu","family":"Kedia"},"role":0},{"name":{"given":"Lewis Ngwale","family":"Lufung"},"role":0},{"role":0,"name":{"family":"Chenyi","given":"Anslem Ntiabang"}},{"role":0,"name":{"given":"Melvis Kifeh","family":"Fuekang"}}],"title":"Stakeholder resource mobilisation and agribusiness project sustainability: insights from donor-funded rice projects in Cameroon.","issuedDate":"2025-11-01","subtype":{"oneofKind":"articleType","articleType":1}}},{"origin":4,"work":{"ids":{"issn":["0265-2323","1758-5937"],"isbn":[],"doi":"10.1108/ijbm-03-2023-0128","openalex":"W4390587524"},"publisherInfo":{"name":"Emerald Publishing Limited"},"accessedDate":"2025-10","containerInfo":{"authors":[],"impactFactor":"8.81","volume":42,"issue":4,"title":"International Journal of Bank Marketing"},"tally":{"citedByCount":30,"referencedWorksCount":74},"containerLocator":{"pageRange":{"firstPage":692,"lastPage":724}},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-03-2023-0128","resourceUrl":"http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/45381/2/45381_MOGAJI_Empowering_women_agriculture_entrepreneurs_Banks_role_in_achieving_Sustainable_Development_Goals.pdf","abstract":"Purpose This research aims to explore the role of banks in supporting women agriculture entrepreneurs (WAEs) to contribute towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It focusses on the experiences of women entrepreneurs in the agriculture sector, recognising their vital role in driving economic growth and achieving the SDGs. Design/methodology/approach The study utilises the role congruity theory and the feminist agri-food systems model as its theoretical framework. Qualitative data from 35 WAEs and 7 bank managers (BMs) responsible for agricultural financial services and business development are collected and thematically analysed to achieve the research objectives. Findings Although BMs claim they offer specialised financial products with dedicated support teams, WAEs express scepticism due to fears of unfavourable deals and excessive requirements. WAEs need more understanding of SDGs but recognise their substantial contributions. BMs acknowledge the need to enhance efforts, improve communication of offers and integrate SDGs across all business operations beyond agriculture and women-centric initiatives. Practical implications Banks must prioritise gender sensitivity and inclusivity for WAEs, offering tailored financial products and flexible loan structures. Microfinance and strategic marketing can enhance outreach. WAEs benefit from forming associations, accessing support networks, collaborating with banks, government agencies, non-governmental organisations and agricultural associations for mentoring and networking, and achieving the SDGs and sustainable agriculture. Originality/value The study connects WAEs and banks in achieving SDGs.","contributors":[{"name":{"given":"Tomisin","family":"Adefare"},"role":0},{"role":0,"name":{"given":"Ogechi","family":"Adeola"}},{"role":0,"name":{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Mogaji"}},{"role":0,"name":{"family":"Nguyen","given":"Nguyen Phong"}},{"name":{"given":"Stephen Alaba","family":"Mogaji"},"role":0}],"type":8,"issuedDate":"2024-01-04","subtype":{"oneofKind":"articleType","articleType":1},"title":"Empowering women agriculture entrepreneurs: banks' role in achieving sustainable development goals"}}].The analysis reveals that although local entrepreneurs do not utilize formal mathematical models, they intuitively apply diversification principles through "social diversification" leveraging solidarity finance networks like njangis to buffer against market and environmental shocks. However, the study also highlights a "constrained environment" where planning is frequently disrupted by external shocks, necessitating a transition from subsistence-based models to "business agriculture" supported by robust capital-raising frameworks. The findings suggest that policymakers should calibrate regulations to formalize links between informal njangis and institutional credit to foster sustainable technological adoption. The study recommends a pressing need for capacity building and training programs aimed at enhancing the financial literacy of agribusiness entrepreneurs.